Airfield edge-light utilizing a side-emitting light source

ABSTRACT

A runway, taxiway or obstruction lighting system having at least one side emitting LED mounted on a base. A cover is optically coupled to the side emitting LED to direct light at a desired angle from a horizontal plane extending from the base. The cover is manufactured to have the highest transmissivity when used with a monochromatic LED light source. The color of the material is tuned to the wavelength of the LED light source to obtain the maximum light output. A heater circuit is included in the lighting system wired in series with the side emitting LED. A constant current source is employed to supply power to the side emitting LED and heater circuit so that operation of the heater circuit does not affect the intensity of the light from the side emitting LED.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.10/931,192 filed on Aug. 31, 2004.

The present system is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/096,440 by Hansler et al. entitled “Elevated Airfield Runway andTaxiway Edge-Lights utilizing Light Emitting Diodes” filed on Mar. 12,2002 and which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 60/278,766, filed on Mar. 26, 2001, the entirety of which ishereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention is related to airfield lighting (e.g. runway, taxiway andobstruction), and more particularly, to a side-emitting lighting systemutilizing a side-emitting Light Emitting Diode (LED).

Airport edge lighting has been in existence for many years utilizingincandescent lighting technology. Conventional designs that utilizeincandescent lights have higher power requirements, lower efficiency,and low lamp life which needs frequent, costly relamping by maintenanceprofessionals.

Some airfield-lighting manufacturers are using more efficient devicessuch as LEDs where the LEDs are arranged in multiple rings shiningoutward. Optics of some sort are then used to concentrate the light inthe vertical and horizontal directions to meet Federal AviationAdministration (FAA) specifications.

Recently, implementations utilizing top emitting LEDs have beenintroduced which require additional light directing components as wellas costly reflection and/or refraction techniques in order to complywith current FAA specifications and predetermined criterion.

What is needed is an airfield edge-lighting system that can utilize asfew as one LED in a more efficient manner more efficiently while meetingthe required FAA standards.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, in accord with an aspect disclosed herein,comprises a runway, taxiway or obstruction lighting system. The lightingsystem includes a housing and a light assembly in communication with thehousing. The light assembly includes a base with a top surface and abottom surface whereby the bottom surface of the base is incommunication with the housing, a side-emitting light emitting diodepositioned on the top surface of the base, and a cover suitably capableof transmitting light, the cover disposed around the side-emitting lightemitting diode and in communication with the housing.

An aspect of the present system includes an electrical circuit foroperatively controlling an intensity of the light emitting diode inaccordance with a predetermined criteria (e.g. FAA requirements). Theelectrical circuit may also suitably allow for retrofitting the presentlight assembly into an existing incandescent lighting system.

In one embodiment, a single side-emitting light emitting diode (LED) isprovided and suitably adapted to emit light according to a predeterminedcriterion. Additionally, the side-emitting LED may be suitably adaptedto emit light approximately 0 to 6 degrees from a horizontal planeparallel with a mounting surface. As well, the system may be configuredsuch that the light is dispersed from the side-emitting LED in a360-degree pattern.

An alternative embodiment of the present invention employs multiple sideemitting LED's to realize the higher photometric requirements forobstruction lights.

Further embodiments include a base configured to function as aheat-sink. Yet another embodiment has a heating element disposed withinthe cover and in close communication with the light assembly. Theheating element may be configured with a thermostat for controlling theheating element.

Other embodiments include a cover that is cylindrical in shape. Also,the cover may be tinted or colored (e.g. blue for taxiway edge lightingapplications). Further, the cover may include a lens for refractinglight emitted from the LED in accordance with a predetermined criterion.

Still more embodiments may include an extension connected to the housingfor elevating the light assembly above a mounting surface, whereby thelight assembly and the extension are in a substantially verticalalignment. As well, the extension may include a frangible portion thatfractures according to predetermined criterion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention and theadvantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptiontaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an elevated edge-light system, according to adisclosed embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates an elevated edge-light system, according to analternate disclosed embodiment; and

FIG. 3 is a detailed drawing of an elevated edge-light system inaccordance with an aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a elevated edge-light system using aside emitting light with a heater in accordance with an aspect of thepresent invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates an elevated edge-light system employing three sideemitting light sources in accordance with an aspect of the presentinvention.

FIG. 6 illustrates an inset edge light system in accordance to an aspectof the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a heater circuit in accordance with anaspect of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following includes examples of various embodiments and/or forms ofcomponents that fall within the scope of the present system that may beused for implementation. Of course, the examples are not intended to belimiting and other embodiments may be implemented without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the invention.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standards provide guidelinesfor the manufacture and implementation of airfield edge-lightingsystems. Specifically, the FAA standards provide guidelines for theintensity and directional projection of light used in airfield lightingapplications. The content and guidelines of the FAA specifications,including but not limited to Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5345-43E datedOct. 19, 1995 and Advisory Circular 150/5345-46B dated Sep. 1, 1998 arehereby incorporated into this specification by reference in itsentirety.

The present innovation is generally directed toward an LED lightingassembly. More specifically, one embodiment of the present innovation isdirected toward a lighting assembly utilizing a side-emitting lightsource (e.g. side-emitting light emitting diode (LED)) for use inairport and airfield edge and obstruction lighting applications. Forexample, aspects of the present invention include a lighting assemblyutilizing a side-emitting light source that is compliant with one ormore of FAA specifications for L-810 Obstruction Light (AC 150/5345-43Eand the FAA LED Engineering Brief document 2004), L-852T LED TaxiwayEdge Light (AC 150/5345-46B and FAA LED Engineering Brief document2004), and L-851T LED Elevated Taxiway Edge Light (AC 150/5345-46B andFAA “LED Engineering Brief document 2004”).

The FAA standards stipulate that a taxiway edge lighting apparatus mustmeet certain photometric criterion. For example, the current FAAspecification mandates that the light intensity projected from thelighting element must be at least 2.0 candela (a unit of luminousintensity) between 0 and 6 degrees from the horizontal axis (thehorizontal axis being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of amounting rod), and a minimum of 0.2 candela between the remaining angleof 6 and 90 degrees from the horizontal axis.

One embodiment of the disclosed lighting system is in accordance withthe current FAA requirements for taxiway edge lighting. It will beappreciated that the present system may be suitably configured toaccommodate alternate and/or future predetermined criteria (e.g.intensity, angle of projection) and/or specifications.

Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated an elevated edge-lightsystem 100, according to a disclosed embodiment. Generally, the system100 comprises a light assembly 105 elevated above the surface of theground 110. The light system 100 includes a light assembly 105, ahousing 115 that may be secured at its base to a support structure 120(e.g., an aluminum pipe extension). As shown, the support structure 120may include a frangible portion 130 in accordance with a predeterminedcriterion.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, a source of power may be suitably providedfrom power elements located inside a power box 125. Additionally,circuitry 135 may be provided in order to enable the operation of thepresent system 100 to comply with predetermined criterion. In operation,the output of the electrical circuit element 135 may be operativelyconfigured to supply the required power to light assembly 105. Inoperation, power from the output of the electrical circuit 135 may becarried across one or more wires (not shown) to light assembly 105 toilluminate a light source 140.

Although the disclosed embodiment of FIG. 1 illustrates the power box125 and circuitry 135 located within housing 115, a skilled artisan willappreciate that the components may be disposed in any location withoutdeparting from the operation and scope of the present innovation. Forexample, the power box 125 and circuitry 135 may be located in alternatelocations such as within support structure 120, remotely in-ground 110or the like without departing from the spirit and scope of the presentinnovation.

Preferably, light assembly 105 includes a single side emitting LED 140as a light source, a mounting base 145 to support the side emitting LED140 and a cover 150 for transmitting the light from the side-emittingLED. To comply with FAA regulations, the single side emitting LED 140has a minimum light output of approximately 20-30 lumens.

An advantage of using an LED as opposed to an incandescent bulb is thatan LED has a much longer life cycle. A typical LED has a life of 56,000hours when operated at high intensity, and 150,000 hours (the equivalentof 34 years when operated 12 hours a day) when operated at mediumintensity.

It will be appreciated that the mounting base 145 may be suitablyconfigured to function as a heat sink (e.g., ¾ inch aluminum) such thatheat is transferred from the LED assembly 140 to the housing 115 andother attached structures to prolong the operating life of the LEDassembly 140.

It will be appreciated that the mounting base or heat sink 145 may besuitably attached to the housing 115 by conventional means whileutilizing a thermal grease or comparable material between the mountingbase 145 and the housing 115 to facilitate heat transfer from the LEDassembly 140 to the housing 115, and also between the LED assembly 140and the mounting base 145 for the same purpose.

It will be appreciated that the single side-emitting diode 140 of theembodiment may be any side-emitting light source known in the art. Forexample, a Luxeon™ Star or provided by Lumileds Lighting, LLC, 370 WestTrimble Road, San Jose, Calif., 95131 may be utilized in accordance withthe disclosed embodiments. Preferably, the LED has a minimum lightoutput of 20-30 lumens.

The side-emitting LED 140 may be suitably configured to emit light in a360 degree pattern. For example, the side emitting LED 140 may besuitably configured to emit light corresponding to an angle A 0 to 6degrees above a horizontal plane B perpendicular with the optical axisC. It will be appreciated that the angle A may be adjusted in accordancewith any desired lighting effect. It will be appreciated, that anydesired beam pattern may be achieved by utilizing any number of opticaltechniques. For example, optical manipulating techniques such asdepressions and/or apex angles may disposed within the cover 150 inorder to refract and/or reflect the light to correspond to any desiredbeam pattern or predetermined criterion or standard. As well, alternateside-emitting light sources 140 may be configured to alter the beampattern in accordance with desired criterion. Additionally, inaccordance with a predetermined criterion, the light intensity from 6degrees from horizontal to the optical axis C may be arranged to be 0.2candela.

Although the embodiment utilizes a glass cover 150, it will beappreciated that other translucent materials capable of transmittinglight known in the art may be used without departing from the presentlighting system 100. For example, the cover 150 may be constructed ofmaterials including, but not limited to, plastic, composites or thelike.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, cover 150 ismanufactured to have the highest transmissivity when used with amonochromatic LED light source. The color of the material (e.g., glass)is tuned to the wavelength of the LED light source to obtain the maximumlight output. For example a blue cover and a LED for a taxiway light, ared cover and red LED for an obstruction light.

The support structure 120 may suitably secure to the mounting base 115to provide a stable support for the light assembly 105 during harshweather conditions or other conditions impacting operation and/ororientation of the lighting system 100. The support structure 120 maysuitably elevate light assembly 105 above the surface of the ground 110wherein the light assembly 105, support structure 120, and power box 125are in a substantially vertical alignment. Although the embodiment shownis vertically orientated, an artisan will appreciate that otheralternate configurations, such as a flush fixture, of the present systemmay be utilized without departing from the scope of the present system.

An adjustment means (not shown) may be provided at the junction of thebase of the housing 115 and the support structure 120 so that thelongitudinal axis C (i.e., the optical axis) of the light assembly 105may be adjusted to be maintained in a substantially verticalorientation. It will be appreciated that any adjustment means known inthe art may be used without departing from the scope of the presentlighting system 100.

As shown, the support structure 120 may suitably include a frangiblesection 130 which may function as an easy breakaway of the lightassembly 105 and upper end of the support structure 120 if, for example,an aircraft, maintenance vehicle, or other forces exert a predeterminedpressure on the frangible section 130 sufficient to cause breakingthereof.

It will be appreciated that any breakaway technique known in the art maybe used to accomplish the frangible characteristics. For example, thefrangible section 130 may comprise a groove scored into the supportstructure 120, which groove is designed with a sufficient length, depth,and orientation in the support structure 120 to facilitate separation ofthe light assembly 105 and upper end of the support structure 120 fromthe power box 125 at or near the surface of the ground 110. For example,where a threaded pipe extension is utilized as the support structure120, the frangible section 130 may be a groove scored into the pipesurface, which pipe is a single piece of pipe extending from the lightassembly 105 to the power box 125.

Alternatively, the frangible section 130 may also suitably comprise acompressed powderized metal coupler (not shown) designed to separateunder predetermined stress parameters utilized in accordance with theparticular application. In any case, the function of the frangibleconnection 130 may be suitably configured to facilitate a breakawayfunction under stressed conditions to protect the lighting system 100and the aircraft or other vehicle that may impact the lighting system100 from damage.

The power box 125 may suitably and operatively couple power from a powerfeed (not shown) extending, for example, through an in-ground conduit(not shown) to one or more of the lighting systems 100. In theembodiment, the power box 125 may suitably include an electrical circuitelement 135 configured to control the photometric characteristics of thelight source 140 in accordance with a predetermined criteria (e.g. FAAstandards).

Additionally, the electrical circuit element 135 may be designed toenable the retrofit of lighting system 100 into a conventional orstandard incandescent lighting system. In other words, circuitry 135 maybe provided to enable a variety of light sources 140 (e.g. side-emittinglight emitting diode) to provide light intensity in accordance with apredetermined criteria (e.g. FAA specifications).

It will be appreciated that the support structure 120 to elevate thelight assembly 105 above the ground as illustrated is optional. Forexample, the light assembly 105 may be suitably operable such that thebase 145 of the light assembly 105 may be situated on or close to theground surface 110. Alternatively, the light assembly 105 can bepositioned in the ground such that only the cover 150 sufficientlyprotrudes to provide the required output light in accordance withdesired criterion.

Referring now to FIG. 2, there is illustrated a lighting system 200 inaccordance with an alternate embodiment. As shown, lighting assembly 205may optionally include a heating element 210 to provide heat to a lightsource chamber 215. As illustrated, light source chamber 215 is thespace formed around a light source 225 (e.g. LED) and defined by aninner wall of the cover 220 and mounting base 230.

It will be appreciated that the heating element 210 may be any componentknown in the art capable of heating the light source chamber 215. Inoperation, the heating element 210 raises the temperature of the lightsource chamber 215 in order to control the weather effects on the cover220. For example, by heating the light source chamber 215, the highertemperature may suitably reduce icing, fogging and snow accumulation ontop surface of the cover 220. As earlier discussed with reference toFIG. 1, it will be appreciated that the mounting base 230 may suitablyfunction as a heat sink, alone, or in conjunction with housing 235 inorder to protect the longevity of the light source 225.

Referring now to FIG. 3, there is are illustrated exploded view drawingsof an elevated edge-light system 300 in accordance with an aspect of thepresent invention. The power supply and electronic circuitry for system300 are displayed within circle 304. A plug 318 is used to couple system300 to an external electric power source. Wires 328 conduct the powerfrom plug 318 to the electronic circuitry shown in circle 304.

FIG. 3B shows a mounting assembly 330 in accordance with an aspect ofthe present invention. The mounting assembly comprises a heat sink 306.At the top of the assembly 330 is a side emitting LED 308. The bottom ofassembly 332 is adapted to mount on top 332 of housing 302. Heatingelement 310 is mounted around mounting assembly 330. Wires 320 and 322are connected to wires 324 and 326 to provide power to heating element310 and side emitting LED 308 respectively.

FIG. 3C shows a cutaway view of a cover 312 in accordance with an aspectof the present invention. Cover 312 is suitably adapted to mount onhousing 302 and cover mounting assembly 330. Cover 312 has a convexsurface 314 that is used to disperse light from side emitting LED 308corresponding to a desired angle. For example side-emitting LED 308 maybe suitably configured to emit light in a 360 degree pattern along ahorizontal axis. Convex surface 314 adjusts the light along thehorizontal axis to achieve a desired lighting effect. It will beappreciated, that any desired beam pattern may be achieved by utilizingany number of optical techniques. For example, optical manipulatingtechniques such as depressions and/or apex angles may disposed withinthe cover 312 in order to refract and/or reflect the light to correspondto any desired beam pattern or predetermined criterion or standard.Cover 312, is comprises of a translucent material capable oftransmitting light. In accordance with an aspect of the presentinvention, cover 312 is manufactured to have the highest transmissivitywhen used with a monochromatic LED light source. The color of thematerial (e.g., glass) is tuned to the wavelength of side emitting LEDlight 308 to obtain the maximum light output. A second convex surface316 adjusts light along the vertical axis.

FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a mounting unit 400 for a side emittinglight with a heater in accordance with an aspect of the presentinvention. As shown, the mounting unit 400 has a heater supportinsulator 402 mounted on top of heat sink 308. Insulating paper 404 isbetween mounting unit 400 and heating element.

FIG. 5 illustrates an elevated edge-light system 500 employing threeside emitting light sources in accordance with an aspect of the presentinvention. The additional light sources can provide additional lightintensity such as is required under FAA guidelines for obstructionlights.

FIG. 5A is a side view of the system 500 and FIG. 5B is a cutaway topview of the system along lines A-A of FIG. 5A. System 500 comprises ahousing 502 that contains an LED electronics module 504. LED electronicsmodule 504 is used for supplying the power to side emitting LED's 508,510, 512. The power from the LED electronics module 504 can be variedcontrol the intensity of side emitting LED's 508, 510, 512. Thewavelength of LEDs 508, 510, 512 is selected to produce a desired outputcolor. LED mounting/heatsink sub assembly 506 is mounted on top ofhousing 502 and is used for mounting side emitting LED's 508, 510 and512. Cover 514, an airfield lighting dome, is mounted on top of housing502 and help in place by screws 516. The color of cover 514 is suitablyadapted to match the wavelength of LEDs 508, 510 and 512. Cover 514 hasa convex surface 518 for directing light in a direction along asubstantially horizontal direction from the sides of side emitting LED's508, 510, 512. Another convex surface 520 allows light from the top orside of LED's 508, 510, 512 to go in a substantially vertical directionto comply with FAA regulations.

As can be seen from FIG. 5B, side emitting LED's 508, 510, 512 arepositioned so that at least two of LED's 508, 510, 512 are visible alonga horizontal plane. As shown, the LED's 508, 510, 512 are spaced apartby 120 degrees from a central point 522 and are equidistantly spacedfrom each other. However, any arrangement that allows at least two ofLED's 508, 510, 512 to be visible from any angle when viewed from theground or in the air above the ground.

FIG. 6 illustrates an inset edge light system 600 designed to beinstalled in pavement in accordance to an aspect of the presentinvention. An inner bottom cover 602 has an opening 603 for wires 605 tobe coupled to plug 604 for supplying power to the LED controlelectronics 606. LED control electronics 606 comprises electroniccircuitry for controlling the current and intensity of side emitting LED608. Side emitting LED 608 can be any side emitting diode such as aLuxeon LXHL-FB1C or LXHL-FB5C having the desired opticalcharacteristics, e.g., color, intensity. A glass or acrylic dome 610 ofconstant thickness covers the side emitting diode. Dome 610 is clearsince system 600 is designed to be installed in the pavement, thus novisual guidance is given when the light fixture is off. Furthermore, theslope of dome 610 typically ranges from 0 to 20 degrees to comply withFAA regulations and dome 610 is designed to bend the light from sideemitting LED 608 at the proper angles, typically 0 to 6 degrees tocomply with FAA requirements. Side emitting LED 608 is mounted on prismclamp and LED heatsink 616. Prism clamp and LED heatsink 616 ispreferably machined to hold dome 610 in place. Top cover 614 securesdome 610 to the surface of prism clamp and LED heatsink 616, and securesprism clamp and LED heatsink 616 to bottom cover 602. Sealing gasket 612sealingly engages dome 610 with top cover 614 and prevents externalcontaminants, such as rain, ice or snow, from getting inside system 600.

Dome 610 is configured to bend the light from side emitting diode 608 atthe desired angles. For example, by making the slope of dome 610approximately 20 degrees and using a 5W, the results illustrated inTable 1 are obtained. TABLE 1 Degrees vertical Candela 0 3.1 1 3.4 2 3.93 4.5 4 5.0 5 5.6 6 4.8 7 4.3 8 3.8

Thus, as can be seen from table 1, the light from side emitting LED 608is focused at angles of 0 to 8 degrees and complies with FAArequirements for an L-852T in-pavement light, which is 2 candelas from 0to 6 degrees, and 0.2 candela at all other angles. Because side emittingLED 608 is much shorter than a standard incandescent bulb with similarintensity, the height of dome 610 is lower than for an incandescentbulb. For example, the distance from the top of dome 610 to the top oftop cover 614 can be as small as a quarter inch.

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a heater circuit 700 in accordance withan aspect of the present invention. This heater circuit can be employedwith lighting systems using a side emitting LED such as heater elements210 (FIG. 2) 310 (FIG. 3). Because LED's are more efficient ingenerating photons than an incandescent light, they generate much lessheat. Heating the lighting system may be desirable to prevent theaccumulation of snow and ice in cold environments.

A constant current source 702 supplies current I to circuit 720. Theconstant current source can be suitably adapted to supply a constantcurrent at varying levels. For airfield edge lighting circuits, currentsvarying between 2.8A and 6.6A are common. The current I flows intocurrent transformer 704. Current transformer 704 has a primary coil 706and a secondary coil 708. The ratio of primary coil 706 to secondarycoil 708 is selected to obtain the desired constant current in secondarycircuit 722. For example, if the ratio of the primary coil to thesecondary coil is 1:1, then the current in circuit 722 will besubstantially the same as the current in circuit 720. Plug 710 couplescircuit 722 to the secondary coil 708 of current transformer 704.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, circuit 722 is acircuit comprising a LED with associated electronics 712 in series witha heater element 714. The electronics portion of the LED with associatedelectronics 712 comprises a power supply that supplies power to the LEDbased on the current flowing through circuit 722. Thermostat 716 is inparallel with heater element 714. Because a constant current is flowingthrough circuit 722, the sum of the currents through heater element 714and thermostat 716 will be constant. When heating is desired, thermostat716 will provide more resistance, or it can act as an open circuit, toforce more current through heater element 714. When heating is notdesired, thermostat 716 provides less resistance, or it can act as ashort circuit, so that less current will flow through heater element714. Because circuit 722 is essentially a series circuit comprising LEDwith associated electronics 712 in series with the combination ofheating element 714 and thermostat 716 with a constant current source,the operation of heating element 714 does not effect the operation orintensity of light from the LED because a constant current flows throughthe LED power supply. Circuit 720 can also have additional currenttransformers 718 allowing additional lighting systems (not shown) to beconnected.

While the present system has been illustrated by the description ofembodiments thereof, and while the embodiments have been described inconsiderable detail, it is not the intention of the applicants torestrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to suchdetail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear tothose skilled in the art. Therefore, the system, in its broader aspects,is not limited to the specific details, the representative apparatus,and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departuresmay be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scopeof the applicant's general inventive concept as defined by the appendedclaims.

1. A light emitting apparatus, comprising: a housing; a base mountedinside the housing; a side emitting light emitting diode mounted on thebase; and a translucent cover mounted on the housing, optically coupledto the side emitting light emitting diode; wherein the shape of thecover is configured to direct the light from the side emitting lightemitting diode in a desired pattern.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the color of the translucent cover is matched to the wavelengthof the side emitting light emitting diode to provide maximum lightoutput.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cover has a convexsurface for dispersing light approximately 0 to 6 degrees from ahorizontal plane extending from the base.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the cover has a slope adapted for dispersing light approximately0 to 6 degrees from a horizontal plane extending from the base.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the side emitting light emitting diode hasan output of at least 20 lumens.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, theapparatus is an obstruction light system and the side emitting lightemitting diode further comprises three side emitting light emittingdiodes.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the three side emittinglight emitting diodes are suitably mounted so that at least two of thediodes are visible at any angle on a horizontal plane extending from thebase.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the three side emittingdiodes are suitably mounted to be equidistant from each other.
 9. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein the base is a heat-sink.
 10. The apparatusof claim 1 wherein the side-emitting light emitting diode and cover aresuitably adapted to emit light approximately 0 to 6 degrees from ahorizontal plane parallel with the base.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein light is dispersed from the side-emitting light emitting diodein a 360-degree pattern.
 12. The apparatus set forth in claim 1, furthercomprising an extension connected to the housing for elevating the lightassembly above a mounting surface, whereby the light assembly and theextension are in a substantially vertical alignment.
 13. The apparatusset forth in claim 12, wherein the extension includes a frangibleportion that fractures according to predetermined criterion.
 14. Theapparatus set forth in claim 1, further comprising the housing beingsuitably adapted to be at least one of installed directly in the ground,installed directly in pavement, and mounted on top of a standard FAAlight base and transformer housing
 15. The apparatus set forth in claim14, the slope of the top surface of the light fixture which protrudesabove finish grade, is a maximum of about 20° and top surface protrudingno more than approximately 0.25 inches above a top cover.
 16. Theapparatus set forth in claim 15, wherein the translucent cover is clearand the side emitting light emitting diode emits a blue light of atleast 20 lumens.
 17. A light emitting apparatus, comprising: a housing;a base mounted inside the housing; a light source mounted on the base;and a translucent cover mounted on the housing, optically coupled to theside emitting light emitting diode, the shape of the cover is configuredto direct the light from the side emitting light emitting diode in adesired pattern; wherein the color of the translucent cover is matchedto the wavelength of the side emitting light emitting diode to providemaximum light output.
 18. The apparatus set forth in claim 15, whereinthe translucent cover is blue and the side emitting light emitting diodeemits a blue light of at least 20 lumens.